Session: 07-04-01 Ships and Structures in Ice

Submission Number: 176226

Safe Berthing and Mooring Operations in Arctic Conditions: Engineering Fender and Mooring Systems 

Safe Berthing and Mooring Operations in Arctic Conditions - Engineering Fender and Mooring Systems

Abstract

Berthing operations in Arctic conditions present some of the most demanding challenges in marine engineering. Extreme cold, ice formation, and severe environmental loads can compromise the performance, reliability, and service life of fender and mooring systems.

Conventional design frameworks, such as PIANC WG211, provide only limited guidance for Arctic conditions, offering little direction on material behavior, energy absorption, or structural resilience at low temperatures.

This paper addresses these gaps by exploring a whole system approach to fender and mooring system design for Arctic ports. Key considerations include the influence of ice interaction, dynamic environmental loads, and freeze–thaw cycles on system performance.

Material selection plays a critical role, rubber compounds engineered for cold-flexibility, steel optimized for low-temperature applications, alternatives to chains for load transfer and restraint, and advanced coating systems capable of resisting ice abrasion are evaluated for Arctic resilience.

The paper also compares the performance of rubber, foam-filled, and pneumatic fenders in extreme cold. Foam fenders demonstrate consistent energy absorption and reduced susceptibility to freezing damage, while pneumatic systems require careful consideration of internal pressure stability, valve integrity, and operational reliability.

Beyond fenders, the paper examines docking and mooring equipment such as bollards and quick release hooks (QRHs), where material durability, protective coatings, and mechanical robustness are essential for safe operation in icy environments. Electrical equipment and machinery are also assessed, with consideration of equipment selection and design to ensure reliability and compliance in hazardous areas, as well as maintenance requirements to support long-term asset preservation under Arctic conditions.

Drawing on comparative analysis and real-world case studies, and integrating environmental data, material science, and engineering analysis, this research proposes a framework for Arctic-specific mooring and berthing system design. The findings are intended to inform future updates to international guidelines and enable safer, more reliable port operations in polar regions.

Presenting Author: Marco Gaal Trelleborg Marine Systems

Presenting Author Biography: Biographic Resumé

Graduaded in 1997 at the Rotterdam University of Aplied Sciences with a Bachlor degree in Mechanical Engineering. Working with Marine Fenders since 2004 of which the last 17 years with Trelleborg Marine Fenders. Currently holding the position of Global Technical Director Marine Fenders.

Particpation in PIANC Working groups 145 (Berthing Velocities), 211 (Fender Design) and currently 231 (Mooring Bollards and Hooks).

Authors:

Marco Gaal Trelleborg Marine Systems
Nick Labrosse Trelleborg Marine Systems Australia Pty Ltd
Charles Bryant Trelleborg Marine Systems Melbourne Pty Ltd